Persuasion

Optical illusions have a lot to do with what people expect to see, but given time there people can see that there is a whole new meaning to an image then first thought. Take the example of the bird holding a man, or is it a man in a boat catching a large fish? Simply flipping the image changes the whole meaning of the image.

Perfect Squares

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To be honest i am not totally sure on how this works, but if take the focus of the squares the lines form crosses and other squares besides the obvious ones, the boundaries of the squares are formed by the corners of the crosses and these hidden squares. Because of the fact that the boundaries of the squares are made from corners of other shapes, the squares are askew.

Stare at the black dot long enough and the grey starts to disappear.

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This optical illusion uses focus of a persons eye, as a person looks more and more intently at an object, the dimmer and out of focus everything else becomes, thus the appearance that the grey is fading away.

How many legs can you see?
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Optical illusion has everything to do with tricking the eye, four legs are expected on an elephant, the shading on the empty spaces were the legs would usually be, but the legs are actually in the spaces between were the legs would usually be giving the impression of many legs.

Man caught by bird or a man catching a big fish?
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An optical illusion like this takes practice and planning to create, it is not a simple as at first seems and is not a product of luck, the creator as to constantly check to see if both sides of the image make sense.

What do you see, 13 or B?

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This optical illusion uses numbers and text to trick the eye, what people expect to see in reading across is a B, when they read down a 13. People see what they want to see, they expect what is normal, and only notice what truly is if they look closely.

Dimensions

Euclidean geometry is an system, in which all true statements are derived from a finite number of axioms. Five axioms that Euclid suggests is:

- Any two points can be joined by a straight line.
- Any straight line segment can be extended indefinitely in a straight line.
- Given any straight line segment, a circle can be drawn having the segment as radius and one endpoint as center.
- All right angles are congruent.
- Parallel Postulate If two lines intersect a third in such a way that the sum of the inner angles on one side is less than two right angles, then the two lines inevitably must intersect each other on that side if extended far enough.

In fractal geometry, the fractal dimension is a statistical quantity that gives an indication of how completely a fractal appears to fill space, as one zooms down to finer and finer scales. This relates to the power of ten because of how much more or less fills within each scale. We zoom out and it may seem we see more, but in truth we do not see the finer detail that makes up the overall picture, because as we zoom in on a plant we see more and more from the leaves to the stem to the cells.

As you zoom in closer and closer the focus changes, objects that were once in the middle ground become the background and objects that were in the foreground become the centre of focus, taking up the majority of the viewers concentration, allowing the photographer to direct the audiences attention wherever the want it to lead.

Grids

The golden ratio is the relationship that the sum of two quantities is to the larger quantity as the larger is to the smaller. 1.618033989 is the approximate number of the golden ratio.

Many artists and architectures have proportioned their works to approximate the golden ratio,especially in the form of the golden rectangle which is when the ratio of the longer side to the shorter is the golden ratio. Its used because it is believed that the proportion is pleasing to the eye. Many mathematicians have studied the golden ratio because of its unique and interesting properties which can be found all around us in nature, even in ourselves.

One relationship of the golden section to the design of the human body is that there are:
- 5 appendages to the torso, in the arms, leg and head.
- 5 appendages on each of these, in the fingers and toes and 5 openings on the face.
- 5 senses in sight, sound, touch, taste and smell.

Elam, Kimberly, 2001, Geometry of Design: Studies in Proportion and Composition, Princeton Architectural Press, New York

The golden section in turn, is also based on 5, number 1.618033989, is found by using 5's, as follows:

I looked at Hokusai Katsushika's 'The Great Wave Off Kanagawa' and the concept of the golden section.
The Great Wave Off Kanagawa,
Hokusai Katsushika, 1780-1849
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Hokusai used compass and ruler to create this well known woodcut, as well as the concept of the golden sector also known as the most proportional and beautiful section.

The Great Wave Off Kanagawa, Hokusai Katsushika, 1780-1849 http://www.liquidknowledge.info/ (edited)

You can see in this image with the use of the grids Hokusai adds depth to the image and makes aspects of the wave more prominent then others.

Among the various cultures from the Roman to the Egyptian traditions; the harmonic proportions, human proportions, astronomical proportions , and various aspects of what was considered sacred cometary ( such as pentagram, golden ratio, and small whole-number ratios) were all applied as part design. So no one culture alone used grids in their designs, it was widespread because perhaps it is the way human beings see things as rather then just the different cultures, because to the human eye the neat order provided by a grid is is more beautiful to the eye.